Year 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).
Events of 1864
January - March
April - June
American Civil War in 1864
- April 18 - Danish-Prussian War (Second War of Schleswig): Battle of Dybbøl. The Prussian army fielding 10,000 men defeats the Danish defending army of 9,200 at Dybbøl Mill after an artillery bombardment from April 7 to April 18.
- April 22 - The U.S. Congress passes the Coinage Act of 1864 which mandates that the inscription "In God We Trust" be placed on all coins minted as United States currency.
- May 5 - American Civil War: The Battle of the Wilderness begins in Spotsylvania County, Virginia.
- May 7 - American Civil War: The Army of the Potomac, under General Ulysses S. Grant, breaks off from the Battle of the Wilderness and moves southwards.
- May 11 - American Civil War: Battle of Yellow Tavern - Confederate General JEB Stuart is mortally wounded at Yellow Tavern, Virginia.
- May 12 - American Civil War: Battle of Spotsylvania Court House: The "Bloody Angle" - thousands of Union and Confederate soldiers die.
- May 13 - American Civil War: Battle of Resaca - the battle begins with Union General Sherman fighting toward Atlanta.
- May 18 - Civil War gold hoax - New York World and the New York Journal of Commerce publish a fake proclamation that president Abraham Lincoln has issued a draft of 400,000 more soldiers
- May 20 - American Civil War: Battle of Ware Bottom Church - In the Virginia Bermuda Hundred Campaign, 10,000 troops fight in this Confederate victory
- May 28 - Montana is organized as a United States territory out of parts of Washington Territory and Dakota Territory, and is signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln.
July - September
- July 18 - President Lincoln issues a true proclamation of conscription of 500,000 men for the US Civil War
- July 20 - American Civil War: Battle of Peachtree Creek - Near Atlanta, Georgia, Confederate forces led by General John Bell Hood unsuccessfully attack Union troops under General William T. Sherman.
- July 22 - American Civil War: Battle of Atlanta - Outside of Atlanta, Georgia, Confederate General Hood leads an unsuccessful attack on Union troops under General Sherman on Bald Hill.
- July 24 - American Civil War: Battle of Kernstown - Confederate General Jubal Early defeats Union troops led by General George Crook in an effort to keep the Yankees out of the Shenandoah Valley.
- July 28 - American Civil War: Battle of Ezra Church begins - Confederate troops led by General Hood make a third unsuccessful attempt to drive Union forces under General Sherman from Atlanta, Georgia.
- July 29 - American Civil War: Confederate spy Belle Boyd is arrested by Union troops and detained at the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, DC.
- July 30 - American Civil War: Battle of the Crater - Union forces attempt to break Confederate lines by exploding a large bomb under their trenches.
- August 1 - Foundation of Elgin Watch Company in Elgin, Illinois.
- August 5 - American Civil War: Battle of Mobile Bay begins - At Mobile Bay near Mobile, Alabama, Admiral David Farragut leads a Union flotilla through Confederate defenses and seals one of the last major Southern ports.
- August 13 - The first fish and chips shop opens in London.
- August 18 - American Civil War: Battle of Globe Tavern - Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant try to cut a vital Confederate supply-line into Petersburg, Virginia, by attacking the Weldon Railroad, forcing the Confederates to use wagons.
- August 22 - First Geneva Convention; International Red Cross is founded.
- August 31 - American Civil War: Union forces led by General William T. Sherman launch an assault on Atlanta, Georgia.
October - December
- October 2 - American Civil War: Battle of Saltville - Union forces attack Saltville, Virginia but are defeated by Confederate troops.
- October 5 – Cyclone kills 70,000 in Calcutta, India
- October 9 - American Civil War: Battle of Tom's Brook - Union cavalrymen in the Shenandoah Valley defeat Confederate forces at Tom's Brook, Virginia.
- October 28 - American Civil War: Second Battle of Fair Oaks ends - Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant withdraw from Fair Oaks, Virginia, after failing to breach the Confederate defenses around Richmond, Virginia.
- October 30
- October 31 - Nevada is admitted as the 36th U.S. state.
- November 4 - American Civil War: Battle of Johnsonville - At Johnsonville, Tennessee, troops under the command of Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest bombard a Union supply base with artillery and destroy millions of dollars in material.
- November 7 - Capital of Idaho Territory is moved from Lewiston to Boise; North Idaho declares the move illegal and proposes secession.
- November 8 - U.S. presidential election, 1864: Abraham Lincoln is reelected in an overwhelming victory over George B. McClellan.
- November 15 - American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea begins - Union General Sherman burns Atlanta and starts to move south, causing extensive devastation to crops and mills and living off the land.
- November 20 - Judicial reform of Alexander II is launched in Imperial Russia.
- November 22 - American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: Confederate General John Bell Hood invades Tennessee in an unsuccessful attempt to draw Union General Sherman from Georgia.
- November 25 - American Civil War: A group of Confederate operatives calling themselves the Confederate Army of Manhattan starts fires in more than 20 locations in an unsuccessful attempt to burn down New York City.
- November 29 - Indian Wars: Sand Creek Massacre - Colorado volunteers led by Colonel John Chivington massacre at least 400 Cheyenne and Arapahoe noncombatants at Sand Creek, Colorado (where they had been given permission to camp).
Undated
Ongoing events
Births
January - June
- January 1 - Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (d. 1946)
- January 1 - Qi Baishi, Chinese painter (d. 1957)
- January 8 - Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence (d. 1892)
- January 13 - Wilhelm Wien, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928)
- January 24 - Marguerite Durand, French actress, journalist, and feminist leader (d. 1936)
- February 7 - Arthur Collins, American Singer who recorded many early songs.(d. 1933)
- March 4 - David W. Taylor, U.S. Navy architect (d. 1940)
- March 12 - William Halse Rivers Rivers, English doctor (d. 1922)
- March 13 - Alexej von Jawlensky, Russian expressionist painter (d. 1941)
- March 14 - Casey Jones, American railway engineer (d. 1900)
- March 15 - Johan Halvorsen, Norwegian composer (d. 1935)
- March 19 - Charles Marion Russell, American artist (d. 1926)
- April 21 - Max Weber, German sociologist (d. 1920)
- May 4 - Marie Booth, the third daughter of William and Catherine Booth (d. 1937)
- May 10 - Léon Gaumont, French film pioneer (d. 1946)
- May 15 - Vilhelm Hammershøi, Danish painter (d. 1916)
- June 3 - Ransom E. Olds, automotive pioneer (d. 1950)
- June 11 - Richard Strauss, German composer (d. 1949)
- June 13 - Dwight B. Waldo, American educator and historian (d. 1939)
- June 25 - Walther Nernst, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1941)
July - December
- July 11 - Petar Danov, Bulgarian spiritual teacher (d. 1944)
- July 12 - George Washington Carver, American botanist (d. 1943)
- July 13 - John Jacob Astor IV, American businessman and inventor (d. 1912)
- July 20 - Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1931)
- July 23 - Apolinario Mabini, Filipino political theoretician and Prime Minister (d. 1903)
- August 9 - Roman Dmowski, Polish politician (d. 1939)
- September 14 - Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, English politician and diplomat, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1958)
- October 10 - T. Frank Appleby, United States Congressman from New Jersey (d. 1924)
- October 25 - Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (d. 1956)
- October 31 - Cosmo Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1945)
- November 11 - Alfred Hermann Fried, Austrian writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1921)
- November 13 - Bishop James Cannon Jr, American religious and temperance movement leader (d. 1944)
- November 16 - Stephane Javelle, French astronomer (d. 1917)
- November 23 - Henry Bourne Joy, American business leader (d. 1936)
- November 24 - Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, French painter (d. 1901)
- November 26 - Edward Higgins, the 3rd General of The Salvation Army (d. 1947)
- December 6 - William S. Hart, American film actor (d. 1946)
- December 12 - Paul Elmer More, American critic and essayist (d. 1937)
- See also Category: 1864 births.
Deaths
January - June
- January 13 - Stephen Foster, American composer (b. 1826)
- April 4 - Joseph Pitty Couthouy, American naval officer (b. 1808)
- May 2 - Giacomo Meyerbeer, German composer (b. 1791)
- May 9 - John Sedgwick, Union General, American Civil War (b. 1813)
- May 12 - J.E.B. Stuart, Confederate Cavalry General, American Civil War
- May 19 - Nathaniel Hawthorne, American author (b. 1804)
- June 1 - Hong Xiuquan, Chinese rebel (b. 1812)
- June 14 - Patrick Kelly, US Army officer (in battle)
- June 15 - William E. Jones, Confederate general (in battle) (b. 1824)
July - December
References
- ^ Claus Bjørn & Carsten Due-Nielsen, Dansk Udenrigspolitiks Historie, 2nd edition, vol. III "Fra Helstat til Nationalstat" 1814-1914, Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 2006, pages 238-39 (Danish)
- ^ Meyers Konversationslexikon, 4th edition, entry: Deutsch-Dänischer Krieg von 1864 (German)
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- See also Category: 1864 deaths.
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